References and literature

Background 

OECD 2019, https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0449 

The AI Safety Summit 2023, AI Safety Summit| AISS 2023 

The European Commission 2019, Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI | Shaping Europe’s digital future (europa.eu) 

The European Parliament 2023, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/en/article/20230601STO93804/eu-ai-act-first-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence 

The White House, October 2023, FACT SHEET: President Biden Issues Executive Order on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence | The White House 

World Economic Forum 2023, The Future of Jobs Report 2023 | World Economic Forum (weforum.org) 

The EU AI Act 

The UN, 2023 – UN AI Advisory Body – Interim Report, Governing AI for Humanity, Dec. 2023. 

The European Commission 2019, Communication paper: “Building Trust in Human-Centric Artificial Intelligence” (Com(2019)168 final 

EU AI Strategies and proposals for AI Act 

2018 - EU AI Strategy to 2027: Artificial Intelligence for Europe, 25.4.2018 COM(2018) 237 

2019 - Independent High Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence: Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI, 8. April. 

2020 - White Paper on Artificial Intelligence – A European approach to Excellence and Trust, 19. 2. 2020 (Com(2020) 65 

2021 - Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence, 21.4.2021 COM(2021) 205 

2021 - Proposal for Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council, laying down harmonized rules on Artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence ACT) and amending certain Union legislative ACTS. 21.4.2021 (COM(2021) 206  

2023 - REPORT on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on laying down harmonized rules on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) and amending certain Union Legislative Acts, 22.5.23 COM(2021) 020 

Nordic Council of Ministers and Nordic Council priorities and activities 

NCM 2023 - A Nordic approach to democratic debate in the age of Big Tech: Recommendations from the Nordic Think Tank for Tech and Democracy https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-12818  

NCM 2018 - AI in the Nordic-Baltic region – Nordic Council of Ministers for Digitalisation declaration 

AI in the Nordic-Baltic region | Nordic cooperation (norden.org) 

NCM 2022 - Digitalization at the courts "Digitalization at the courts" (norden.org) 

NCM 2023 - Handbook of cross-border data exchange within the Nordic and Baltic countries: Lessons learned in cross-border data exchange in the fields of studying and using healthservices in another Nordic and Baltic country, and in the use of Nordic and Baltic legal databases https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-12994  

Nordic Innovation 2021 - Data Sharing for a Circular Economy in the Nordics: Baseline Mapping 2021 

National Nordic AI Strategies and funders reports on AI: 

2017 - Finland: Finland’s Age of Artificial Intelligence, Turning Finland into a leading country in the application of Artificial Intelligence. Objective and recommendations for measures. Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment, 47/2017. 

2018 - Finland: Work in the age of artificial intelligence - Four perspectives on the economy, employment, skills and ethics 21/2018 

2019 - Finland: Leading the way into the age of artificial intelligence, Final report of Finland’s Artificial Programme 2019. 41/2019 

2018 - Sweden: Artificial Intelligence in Swedish Business and Society. Analysis of Development and Potential. Final report. Fef.no 2017-05616. 

2018 - Sweden: Artificial intelligence in Swedish Business and Society, Analysis of Development and Potential. Summary. May 2018.  

2018 - Sweden: National approach to Artificial Intelligence 

2020 - Sweden: FORMAS & Vinnova: AI in the service of climate.   

2019 - Denmark: National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence, March 2019 

2019 - Denmark An AI Nation? Harnessing the opportunity of artificial intelligence in Denmark? McKinsey & Company & Innovation Fund Denmark. September 2019 

2020 - Norway: National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence 

2021 - Iceland: Icelandic Policy on AI (Not published in English) 
 

EU programmes and initiatives 

2020 – EU JRC Conference and Workshop Report – AI Watch, Artificial Intelligence for the public sector. Report of the “1.st Peer Learning Workshop on the use and impact of AI in public services”, Brussels 11-12 February 2020. ISBN 978-92-76-19438-5 

2021 - Partnership Fiche: Artificial Intelligence, Data and Robotics. https://projects.research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/bmr-2022/ec_rtd_bmr-2022-ai-data-and-robotics-fiche.pdf 

2022 - AI Watch - European Landscape on the Use of Artificial Intelligence by the Public Sector. 

2022 - Performance of European Partnerships: Biennial Monitoring Report 2022 on partnerships in Horizon Europe. file:///C:/Users/Jens/Downloads/performance%20of%20european%20partnerships-KI0521240ENN.pdf 

2023 - Horizon Europe, Work Programme 2023-2024, Digital, Industry and Space, C(2023) 2178, 31. March 2023 https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/docs/2021-2027/horizon/wp-call/2023-2024/wp-7-digital-industry-and-space_horizon-2023-2024_en.pdf 

2023 - Horizon Europe, 7. Work Programme 2023-2024, Digital, Industry and Space. European Commission decision C(2023) 2178 of 31 March 2023 

Two scenarios for Nordic research and innovation collaboration 

OECD 2023, The state of implementation of the OECD AI principles four years on 

Recommendations – A multi-tool initiative 

Allea 2023, https://allea.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/European-Code-of-Conduct-Revised-Edition-2023.pdf 

Alex Moltzau and Robindra Prabhu 2024, Castles in the sand? How public sector and academia and partner in sandboxes to leverage generative AI for public good